Wrestling History Essays - Sports Rules And Regulations,

Wrestling History The forms of wrestling we know today as Greco-Roman, Folkstyle, and Freestyle found their origins in the lands on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. These lands are where the Ancient Greeks resided, and developed the art of wrestling. The Greeks influenced the styles and skills of wrestling of today. "The sport of wrestling has been highly developed for over five thousand years, and it is believed to have begun part of the soldiers training," The Ancient Greeks and The sport of Wrestling stated. Proof of this lie on the walls of the tomb in Beni Hasan in the form of pictures. These pictures are about five thousand years old and show holds from both the standing positions and the ground positions. From that time to the present wrestling turned from military skill to a sport skill. (The Ancient Greeks and The sport of Wrestling,7-2) During this time wrestling was also developed in other cultures, like that of ancient Greeks. Wrestling to the Greeks was not only part of the soldier's training, but was also a part of everyday life. Youth did not only learn grammar, art of speech, and mathematics, but young men also went through physical training, which consist of dancing and the art of wrestling. The Greeks saw wrestling as a development of grace and an activity that demands a high skill and physical fitness. (The Ancient Greeks and The sport of Wrestling,7-3) Greek literature points out this skill of wrestling was used by gods and kings, as well as by soldiers and private citizens, in their efforts to overcome evil and brute force. Most of the heroes of Greek mythology were considered skillful wrestlers. Their view of skill most likely led to its introduction as a major sport in the Olympic Games in the year 704 B.C. (The Ancient Greeks and The sport of Wrestling,7-4) Wrestling was a major sport in most Greek festivals, including the Olympic Games. In these festivals sports other than wrestling, such as foot races, chariot-races, throwing of the discos and javelin, and boxing, were also included. These events with variations and additions made up the program of the athletic festivals of Greece through the whole history. The events of the Olympic Games survived even through the rise and the fall of the Roman Empire. "With the conquering of the Greece by the Romans, the Greek form of wrestling began to lose popularity, since, the Romans didn't have the same sense of grace and skill," stated The Ancient Greeks and The sport of Wrestling. The Romans were also not interested in brute strength and violence. (The Ancient Greeks and The sport of Wrestling,7-5) One last thing that brought the decline of Greek wrestling, is the participation of many more countries in the Olympics. This was due to The Romans allowing other countries in the Olympics. The Greek spectators became tired of seeing their local wrestling heroes being defeated by competitors from the East. The success of the Asian wrestlers and others help along the decline of Greek Wrestling. (The Ancient Greeks and The sport of Wrestling,7-5) Wrestling technique has changed very little, and many of the modern holds were derived from the sport as it was practiced in ancient Egypt, in 704, included wrestling. "Evidence that matches were increasingly being fixed and competitors rigged, however, cut short popularity of the sport, and it lay dormant for hundreds of years," stated the Concise Encyclopedia of Sports. (Concise Encyclopedia of Sports, 7-3) During the 19th century, Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling regained popular interest. Circuses and carnivals in the United States sponsored wrestling matches, and this activity led directly to the revival of wrestling. William Muldon was declared the first American Champion. Following World War I, fixed professional wrestling matches threatened to discredit wrestling, but the Federation International des Luttes Amateur founded in 1921, saved the sport. This governing body codified rules, set standards, and organized competitions for all amateur 7 freestyle and 6 Greco-Roman weight divisions, an increase from only having one weight division in the 1904 Olympics. (Concise Encyclopedia of Sports, 7-3) In the Olympic and international completions wrestlers compete against others approximately the same weight. Ten weight classifications exist from 15.8 pounds too more than 220.4 pounds. Competitors must wear tight-fitting one-piece singlets. The wrestling mat is a raised platform, 6-8 meters square. A match is scheduled for three rounds, each period lasting three minutes, with 1-minute rest periods between them. Matches are won either by pinning an opponent's shoulders to the mat and holding them for one second or by accumulating

Alchemy essays

Alchemy essays Alchemy is an ancient art, practiced in the Middle ages,used to discover a substance that would transmute common or base metals into gold or silver ,and to find a way of prolonging human life.The main objective of alchemy was to discover a substance called the philosopher's stone.This stone was thought to transform common metals such as lead into silver or gold.Another objective of alchemist was to find the "elixir of life"- a potion that would cure all diseases and prolong life. The ancient practice of alchemy dates back to Egypt . Alchemy became popular in Alexandria around the same time it was developing in China.The theory that all things are composed of air , earth , fire and water greatly influenced alchemy . The alchemist performed many experiments in their search for the philosophers' stone .Even though the alchemist were unsuccessful in their search for the philosophers' stone they made many contributions to chemistry and developed laboratory techniques. ...

Essay Sample on Divorce and Marriage

Essay Sample on Divorce and Marriage Marriage is a social institution recognized by custom and law. It is a relation that exists between one or more men to one or more women. Custom or law gives recognitions of the duties and rights of the parties involved in such an institution. The union may result to children being born in it. In general, the societal expectation is one where there is sexual gratification between a husband and wife. There are legal issues that may arise as a result of adultery, which may force one partner to dissolve the marriage. This relation is at some point regarded as an economic institution in which a husband is fully responsible for the needs of the wife and children. With the current women empowerment in the society they are also able to provide for their families. A father has a general control and power over his family but for the children his powers are for a limited time. This comes as a result of the need for children to practice decision making and show responsibility especially at adul thood. Marriage is in accordance to the laid down custom or law and the consent of each parties involved must be considered. Parents for example may ask for a bride price and after this is settled a marriage takes place. These are important steps especially where the conditions stipulated by custom or by law are complied with. The origin of marriage is seen to be a habitual practice from the medieval period. A man and woman would live together, have sexual relations and from this union children would come forth. The father would play their role as a protector and supporter of his family while his wife nurses and cares for the family. As time passed it was accepted by custom and by law and it became legal social institution. Marriage is therefore seen to be an intimate relationship which the society, the government and religion recognizes. Marriage has many forms but the major one constitutes a man and a woman. Marriage is the basis of a family unit in which procreation takes place. Through a marriage setup children can grown, be protected and shown love through provision of food, shelter, clothing, education among others. There are a variety of intentions that one has in mind while planning to enter into marriage. Some of the major reasons may include need for legal stability, social and/or economic stability. Through marriage, there is a provider, protector and the union is legally bound. Marriage can be witnessed in a wedding celebration and this marks the beginning of individual obligation to each other and to the society at large. There have been changes in the understanding and approach of marriage from the older days. In the United States marriage for example was a consideration of status as well as an oversight on the future economic stability and prosperity of the person. It was therefore an economic arrangement in which one would choose their potential spouse and so they would plan to marry. Marriage ceremonies between same sexes were done in the 5th-14th centuries by the Roman Catholic Church. Many issues about marriage caught the interest of many leaders and Pope Alexander II in 1975, prohibited marriages between couples who were closely related and especially with no more than 6 cousins related to a person. In the 16th century, only with the permission of local political authorities, servants and day laborers would be free to marry in Bavaria and Austria. In1921 this order was fully abolished. Public wife selling was witnessed in the 1960s-1870s where a divorced wife was tied with a rope around her neck and sold in public. Until 1686, marriage was rather a civil ceremony for the puritans in Massachusetts Bay. In the British colonies, there was no penalty given for interracial marriages until 1662 when Virginia doubled fornication fines for interracial couples. Maryland banned interracial marriages in 1664 and subsequently, in 1750 interracial marriages had been outlawed in all southern colonies. Married women, until mid 19th century, had no legal standing under the English common law in all American states. It was until 1848 that women had the right to own property while married, through the Married Women Act. At the age of 10 years, consent for sexual intercourse was allowed in most American states while in Delaware it was at the age of 7 years only. With parental consent young boys of 14 and girls of 12 would marry, as late as 1930. In 1940, married women could not make legal contract in twelve states. Anti-Miscegenation laws were declared unconstitutional in Virginia and other states such as Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas among others. Fourteen states had in the fifteen years prior to the decision, repealed their anti miscegenation laws. This included Arizona, Colorado, Maryland, Nevada, and Oregon among others. Ten states had by 1990, outlawed rape in marriage. This was after New York outlawed rape in marriage in 1978. Rape in marriage was seen as a crime in thirty-six states and this was only in certain circumstances. It was surprising that in four states, rape in marriage was never a crime. Marriage has had lots of controversies but the initial union in the religious world was the social union that benefited the society. It is seen as the union of one man and one woman blessed and united by a religious leader as seen in Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhists and Hindu. The privileges enjoyed in marriages are of benefit while particular concerns were raised on homosexual couples. The commitment of traditional couples which constituted a man and woman could be seen as that of same-sex couples and so they have continued to fight for their rights and the legalization of their marriage. The sacred value of marriage should not be changed despite the fact that advocates are aggressive on the issue that it should be redefined to suit gay marriage. When the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court made a ruling in 2004, and said that civil union was not enough, this raised national debate. A number of people wanted the definition of one man-to- one woman to stand and others wanted it to separate same-sex institutions, with others against it. In 2004, California and New York mayors were authorizing same sex marriages while defying law and these marriages were said not to be legally binding. (Nancy 2001) In 1619, Virginia enacted a law in which if a bond married a Negro, Mulatto or Indian, they would be banished in the woods so that they are cast out of the colony. Later on, in 1724, there was introduction Louisiana after the slaves were freed. Laws that were known as black codes were used to control and even forbid marriages constituted by slaves while the slave master was not consented. In 1769, the English common law showed that husband and wife were one. A constitution was written in 1787 and was adopted the following year. It was effective in 1789 and replaced the articles of federation, which was the government document of the USA. It remains to be the basic law of central government. In 1839, Mississippi granted the women a right to hold, with their respective husband’s permission, property in their own name. This saw many states legalizing this grant to women so that they would have control over property and earnings. This was in 1900. In the Missouri vs. Celia case of 1855, the case was used to show that enslaved women had no right or legal recourse if they were raped by their masters. This meant that black women had no right to defend themselves after an act of rape by the master. When the Mississippi black code was passed, it was an attempt to control slaves and ensure social inequality. This prohibited blacks, in 1865, from marrying whites and in this case, it was punishable as was seen through life imprisonment. More was to come and in the United States, an immigration act of 1917 banned immigration of Asians and those with abnormal sexual instincts and until 1990, lesbians and gay immigrants were excluded from coming into the United States. (Nancy 2001) In a case of New York v. Sanger, doctors would advice married couples on use of birth control pills for health purposes. The law was still enforced but was overturned in 1965 on all state laws that prohibited the use of contraceptives. In 1948, in Perez v Sharp case, there was a ban on interracial marriage in the California Supreme Court. This was the first state high court to declare it unconstitutional but later on in 1967; the U.S Supreme Court declared that there was freedom to marry allowing for interracial marriages on all Americans. This was evidenced in the case of Loving v. Virginia. The immigration act in 1965 admitted different races and nationalities and emphasized on family reunification with great concern. The act defined a family to be strictly on hetero sexual and nuclear ties and banned on lesbian and gay deviates. In 1969, California adopted a divorce law that allowed divorce by mutual consent and especially where one party simply wants it. The major challenge in this was that one party can refuse to sign the separation agreement. In 1981, there was an over turn of events when the states laws described a husband as a head and master and having control of property which is jointly owned with his wife. (Nancy 2001) . Articles were published and they advocated for legalization of same-sex couples and this was especially because these authors were gay and wanted to pursue their demand. In 1990, the congress repealed ban on gay and lesbian immigration. Homosexuals were disqualified as foreigners and were not allowed to come in to the United States. It was in 1993 that Hawaii Supreme Court said that the ban on same-sex couples from marrying must be justified and in 1998, it was amended to allow strict marriage to men and women only .In 1994, gays and lesbians sought to be part of the humanitarian law as a social group rather than an immigration group. A Person Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act explicitly promoted marriage and formation of heterosexual families. The federal law supported two parent families and in the same year, 1996, the Defense of Marriage Act defined marriage as exclusively between one man and a woman. It was evident that this act did not recognize same sex marriage at all. In 1998, there was a covenant marriage legislation in which couples promised to stay together for life and that they would denounce the no-default divorce. In the same year, May 1998, Alaska ruled that it was a fundamental right to choose a marital partner. The following year, the Vermont Supreme Court allowed for same-sex marriage to occur and that they have all rights and benefits of marriage but no marriage licenses. A governor in Oklahoma in March 2000 announced a $10 million plan that encouraged marriage than divorce and in 2001 gay and lesbian couples in Massachusetts filed law suits seeking a right to marry. This followed with other New Jersey lesbian and gay couples suing the state court for denial of their right to marry. In 2003, the US Supreme Court struck down the remaining anti-gay sodomy laws which were in Texas and in other states. In 2003-2004, the Federal Marriage Amendment was proposed but was defeated in congress. The amendment ought to have denied marriage rights to same-sex couples by indicating that marriage would only exist between a man and a woman.

Term Paper Writing Help

Term Paper Writing Help Term Paper Writing Help Term Paper Writing Help As a college or university student, you have to complete writing assignments of numerous courses in economics, science, technology, management, etc.   Every tutor has his own rules and instructions for term paper writing.  However, if you are assigned to write a literary term paper, for example, the first thing you should remember is that your paper should be focused on a specific text.   Your task is to conduct a research and find out what the critics say about the text you have chosen and the author of it.   The main purpose of term paper writing is to conduct a research and find out supporting information to prove your assumptions and ideas.   While writing a literary term paper, you should use approximately 10 sources in addition to primary text.   Nevertheless, the number of secondary sources depends on term paper topic and the requirements of your tutor.   Once you have collected all necessary sources, you need to write a literature review. While writing a term paper body, you should discuss and analyze the topic.   Keep in mind that analysis is not a summary of the main points.   You should include opinion of different authors and include information from relevant studies and experiments.   If you are writing a term paper on literary text, you should dissect the text and find interesting points for discussion.   Most of the tutors prefer usage of MLA writing and referencing style.   While writing a term paper, you should cite all of the sources used and cited for term paper writing.   Make sure to follow the required citation format.   Include works cited page at the end of the paper.   Works cited list should include all of the sources cited in term paper.   Do not forget that all of the sources should be arranged in alphabetical order. Term Paper Writing Help Some tips on term paper format: It should have one-inch margins on all sides. Paragraphs must be indented half an inch. Term paper should be double-spaced. It should include quotations, notes, and the list of works cited. The title page isn't necessary for academic term paper. Type your name, your instructor's name, the course name and number, and the date at the top of the first page. Term Paper Writing Service If you are not sure how to start writing your term paper, you may ask our writers for assistance and we will write an impressive term paper for you.   to write a good term paper on any topic and of any academic level.   Do not hesitate to place an order and you will be very impressed with the high quality of our writing services!

A Rationale for Integrating Arts in Education Essay

A Rationale for Integrating Arts in Education - Essay Example What makes this approach simultaneously traditional and revolutionary in nature is that it proposes a wider sense of self-development and expression of being in human nature and the conception of self than is traditionally permitted in institutions focused on discipline and social control of large and diverse masses of students who must be managed efficiently and coerced into behavioral patterns. The possibility exists that the â€Å"discipline and punish† mentality operating overtly and subtly in academic institutions publicly and privately may be more related to social hierarchies, engrained power structures, systems of status, and the needs of capitalist production facilities than a genuine valuing of the human being as a unique and free individual, as the work of the French Philosopher Michel Foucault suggested. If in recognizing this deeply engrained structural bias, educators feel the need for systemic reform in education institutions, one possible methodology to impleme nt on a theoretical basis in managing educational institutions is an Integrated Arts approach. This methodology relates also to extensive research in Humanistic and Integral psychology, which additionally posit a fundamental paradigm change in education that represents a broader and multi-dimensional conception of the human being and the respect for the essential freedom of human life found in Natural Law and Human Rights theories. Critical to the success of the Integral Arts approach is the cultivation of creativity in all aspects of life, problem solving, learning, and self-development. Encouraging Learning Styles and Multiple Perspectives Public institutions in a democratic and egalitarian society should be tasked with protecting the interests of all of society’s members equally. In education, this should fundamentally apply to serving the needs of all students equally. It can be further argued that the ranking, grading, evaluation of students, and distribution of grades o perates on a standardized model that contains both cultural biases and discrimination against students who have different learning styles or forms of self-expression. Integrated Arts methodologies in education management can theoretically eradicate these engrained structural biases by eliminating or changing the way students are tested, â€Å"valued†, promoted, etc. As Gallas (1991) wrote in â€Å"Arts as epistemology: Enabling children to know what they know,† â€Å"they [the students} will show you what they know and how they learn best, and often that is not the teachers way.† (Gallas, 1991) In forcing the students to conform on a fundamental level to the authority and rules of the class, a type of bias in education may arise that teachers and educators should address through education theory. An Integral Arts approach is designed to address this bias by de-emphasizing the authority structures that are presented in traditional models of classroom

Meaning of Dance in Moving Midway by Godfrey Cheshire Essay

Meaning of Dance in Moving Midway by Godfrey Cheshire - Essay Example Traditionally, dance has been the means of communicating amongst the people there as they used this to tell stories about their cultural heritage. It is therefore pertinent to analyze the value of dance as non-verbal communication. Dance as a nonverbal means of communication played very significant roles in Moving Midway. Through dancing in the documentary, people usually expressed their emotions without having to make any verbal communication with other people. The dancers in the movie are seen using their facial expressions, eye contacts, touches and body languages of people to manifest their emotions and let people know how they feel about a particular situation or circumstance (Cheshire, Hinton & Silver). A dance was also a way that the characters in Midway Movie tried to teach the people their rich cultural heritage and historical background. It is clear from the film that dances, which is a non-verbal means of communication breaks language and cultural barrier when it comes to the expression of emotions amongst the people that take place in this dance. The documentary also brings one to the fact that a person’s expression of anger or sadness through the use of dance as a means of non-verbal communication is the same all over the world.

'How does interprofessional working impact on professional Essay

'How does interprofessional working impact on professional responsibility and accountability in the clinical setting' - Essay Example e we don’t work alone in the clinical setting, we interact and work together with other professionals who exert influence to each other’s own accountabilities and responsibilities. This paper will discuss the impact of inter-professional working on professional responsibility and accountability in the clinical setting with reference to my own clinical experience. It will address the importance of maintaining a healthy inter-professional working environment to promote a collaborative approach to safe and effective healthcare delivery. This paper will explore how professionals work together in promoting quality care delivery, the value systems in the scope of practice. In almost any healthcare setting, two or more professionals (of different professions) work together in the clinical setting. The nurse depends on the doctor in prescription of medications; the doctor needs the nurses’ help in carrying out his orders, and the nurse needs other professionals to lessen her load. Inter-professional collaboration is inevitable as we depend with each other in performing our own duties for better patient outcomes. Preparation for inter-professionalism begins at student years (Morison, Johnston and Stevenson, 2010). In the clinical setting, we professionals are not independent with each other. How we work with other healthcare team members influences our own professional accountabilities and responsibilities, like how the nurse’s accountability intertwines the unlicensed assistive personnel’s (UAP) accountability when the task is delegated by her to him. Our own accountabilities and responsibilities are dependent to each other as well while working as a team. Inter-professional work impacts our professional accountabilities and responsibilities, which can either, be positive or negative influence to ours. An example of a positive influence is my experience in transferring a patient from the chair to the bed. The nurse asked for my help in assisting the patient

CF&F Employee Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CF&F Employee Survey - Essay Example It also involves diagnosing those areas where employees are likely to be most sensitive to change. All of these factors for overcoming resistance to change can be achieved through a well-devised and thoughtfully implemented employee survey. The survey that is outlined within this document is designed to determine the extent of employee engagement with the organization in its current state, as well as how engaged employees would feel if certain changes were implemented. Ideally, the survey would be administered by the company's human resources department so that all employee levels could participate objectively. Indeed, resistance to change can certainly be prevalent at every level - from front line workers to senior management. In this case, many employees and managers have a vested interest in the established culture and do not want to see any changes. Nepotism has been identified as a significant problem within the organization; and there is a growing resentment of management among hourly workers due to the authoritarian manner in which they have been managed. Moreover, the level of concern for regulatory compliance is unacceptably low, an attitude that has trickled down from management to the hourly employees. Please select the number that corresponds to your level of ... 1 2 3 4 5 My immediate supervisor cares about my success. 1 2 3 4 5 There is a direct relationship between my work and the company's success. 1 2 3 4 5 I have an equal chance of advancing within the company to any of my co-workers. 1 2 3 4 5 I am fairly compensated for the work I do in my company. 1 2 3 4 5 I share some responsibility for ensuring the company operates ethically and legally. 1 2 3 4 5 My company cares about my individual opinion and needs. 1 2 3 4 5 My company has provided me with the resources I need to do my job effectively. 1 2 3 4 5 I would recommend my company as a place of employment to friends and associates. 1 2 3 4 5 I am confident in my company's senior management. 1 2 3 4 5 My company needs to make changes in order to ensure future success 1 2 3 4 5 What is your job function: 1: hourly worker 2: frontline manager 3: mid-level manager 4: senior manager Results and Communication of Findings The survey is likely to show that hourly employees are relatively unhappy with the present state of the organization as compared to the managers. They will probably be more likely to indicate a lack of connection between their own success and that of the organization. They will probably also disagree with the statement that management cares about their success, and that they have an equal chance for advancement within the organization as compared with their coworkers. Hourly employees will be more likely than managers to indicate that the company needs to make changes. Managers will express a higher level of confidence in senior management than will hourly employees; and they will likely feel more fairly compensated for their work. All levels will express some level of

History of online Vidoe Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

History of online Vidoe Games - Essay Example 1960s, extra computer games were developed for the public (frequently running on mainframe-computers), slowly rising in complexity and sophistication (Bellis, 2009) and (FreeBase, 2009). After this early games development period, video games deviated into diverse platforms and verities like: mainframe, arcade, personal computer, console and later handheld games. Online games  have been around for a while.   They started out years ago before the Internet on terminals, then over modems and now on the Web.   The explosion of online gaming is due to the growing amount of people who have access to the Internet.   Online games vary from basic text to 3d worlds that allow the ability to play other actual users who are connected to the game.   There are also many forums and social networking sites related to online gaming. In 1952, A.S. Douglas wrote his PhD degree at the University of Cambridge on Human-Computer interaction. Douglas created the first graphical computer game - a ve rsion of Tic-Tac-Toe. The game was programmed on an EDSAC vacuum-tube computer, which had a cathode ray tube display (Bellis, 2009) and (Celia Pearce, 2007). At its most basic level, an online game is the term used to represent games that are played over some form of computer network (in most cases, this means the Internet). One of the reasons for the expansion and growth of online gaming sites is the expansion of computer networks from small local networks to the Internet and beyond. Online games can come in a number of formats, ranging from simple text-based games to extremely complex games that include graphics and even virtual worlds. In regards to online gaming sites that allow you to win money, most sites require you to download their software. This is one of the distinguishing factors between TreasureOnNet.com and other similar gaming sites (Gupta, 2009). This era of video game history bears witness to the rise of the 32-bit, 64-bit, and 128-bit processor architecture in home console

Comparison of the Early Civilizations Essay Example for Free

Comparison of the Early Civilizations Essay Paleolithic and Neolithic communities differed from each other in many ways, including their use of tools, their hunting of animals and gathering of food. First of all, the Paleolithic people were the most rudimentary in their use of tools. They did not manipulate them in any way. A rock was just used as it was for pounding or cutting a surface. In addition, the Paleolithic people were nomadic; they traveled around hunting and gathering food. When the supply was exhausted in one place, they moved on to the next in small groups of about twenty or thirty people (Spielvogel, 2003). For this reason, the Paleolithic people were not able to form stable communities. Their family and extended family made up their group, which could eventually die out if the conditions grew too harsh. Especially problematic was the Ice Age. Consequently, the Paleolithic people were very adaptable. They learned how to make fire, shelter and crude tools to hunt. They survived in this way until the end of the Ice Age in 8000 B. C. where cave drawings have survived them to reveal their existence to modern man (Spielvogel, 2003). Unfortunately, population issues forced the Paleolithic man into a new way of life. Hunting and gathering societies required huge areas of land, so as the population grew, so did the demand for land. In fact, Krieger (1994) estimates that for every 25 people the community needed at least 250 acres of land to sustain them. At the time, the population was about 10,000,000 people. Clearly a change was needed. However, the Neolithic people were named so because of the changes made in the style of living. The Neolithic people moved from crude tools to more sophisticated ones. They were able to take that rock from the Paleolithic era and manipulate it so that it formed a sharp edge, making that more of a tool for cutting. Later, toward the end of the era, the people discovered ways to melt certain rocks to form metals. In this way the Neolithic society developed more sophisticated knives, axes and hammers (Spielvogel, 2003). The Neolithic people changed from hunting animals to raising animals for food and from gathering food to growing food. They became agricultural and thus were able to stay in the same place for a long time. This permanence allowed the Neolithic people to form communities and villages. As a result, they could develop products of their own and trade with neighboring communities. Art existed in the Neolithic as well, with some artisans even trading jewelry to other communities. As society progressed, the Neolithic age gave way to the Bronze age about 3000 B. C (Spielvogel, 2003). The civilizations that grew in the river valleys of the Nile and of the Tigris and Euphrates bore some resemblance to the earlier periods of man, but they also are characterized by some marked differences. For example, geography played a role in these developments. First of all, the people were less nomadic than the Paleolithic people. They wanted to stay in the fertile areas mentioned above and to take advantage of its soil. However, because the rivers would sometimes flood, they were forced to develop methods of water control and irrigation in order to remain there (Spielvogel, 2003). The first known society was that of the Sumerians in the Tigris and Euphrates river valley, otherwise known as Mesopotamia. They, like the earlier peoples, learned to build shelters, not with wood or stone, which the Paleolithic and Neolithic people used, but with the limited resources they had, namely mud and clay ((Krieger et al, 1994). Using these bricks, they erected buildings and even walls around their cities. They became the leaders of the countryside, forming political city-states. The dominant form of rule here was a theocracy. The Sumerians built temples and believed that gods ruled the cities and divinely chose the kings to do their biddings. Some people were thus noble, and other people were made slaves. However, the economy was similar to that of the Neolithic people in that it was based on agriculture and trade (Spielvogel, 2003). The Sumerians developed a form of writing called cuneiform, which is a form of picture writing. However, few people learned to write (Krieger et al, 1994). Unfortunately, other communities in the area noticed the power of the Sumerians and wanted what they had. The areas was not very well protected by any natural land forms or waterways, so attacking each other was easy and constant (Krieger, et al, 1994). Thus, war was perpetuated in the world of early man. The Mesopotamian area was in a period of empire building and warring states for over thousands of years. The Nile river valley also provided the same geographic necessities as the Tigris and Euphrates did for the Sumerians. Where the Nile divides (called the Delta) is a very similar geographically as the people’s to the north. The flooding of the river provided very fertile lands, thus encouraging agricultural communities. The Nile was the main mode of transportation, so trade was relatively easy for these people. Unlike the people of the Mesopotamian communities, the Egyptians were secluded by deserts, the Nile, and the Red and Mediterranean Seas. Their lifestyle was not marred or changed by continual warfare. Like the people of the Mesopotamia, religion was also very important. Again, the rulers were determined by divine prophecy, creating dynasties of ruling families. One of the most memorable and interesting aspects of Egyptian religions is the use of pyramids and grave goods for burial. The architecture of these pyramids was so sound that many of them still stand today (Spielvogel, 2003). Art was also popular among the Egyptians as it was among the Sumerians and even earlier people. From the Egyptians, come many modern standards of living. Craftsmen used wood and metals to create sculptures, furniture and drawings. The Egyptians also developed a system of writing and began the basis of an educational system, especially writing and mathematics. These people are credited with inventing the calendar and the process of embalming the dead (Krieger, et al, 1994) The lives of the early civilizations were undoubtedly difficult. Our modern society owes a debt to these people for beginning the seeds of society that has become now a convenient and fulfilling way of life. References Krieger, et al. (1994). World History: Perspectives on the Past. Massachusetts: Heath. Ohio: McGraw Hill. pp. 16-37 Spielvogel, Ph. D. , Jackson. (2003). World History. Ohio: McGraw Hill. pp. 19-53

Role of Youth in Society

Role of Youth in Society Introduction Each age group in society has its own role and this is important in many different ways. Youth as a description of a sector of society has many definitions depending on the perspective being used. For the purposes of this discussion youth will be considered to be the stage of life involving transition into adulthood: approximately age 15 to 25. Young people are often considered to represent the future as they bring new ideas and energy to add to the pool of knowledge that currently exists. They can bring enthusiasm and vitality which can lead to new discoveries and developments that can benefit society or even the world at large. Although not the only drivers of social change, young people are seen to be one the key drivers engendering change. Whether this is inherent in the beliefs of young people or the hope for the future is placed upon them by older generations is not clear. However, India is changing and developing, and this affects the lives of the people living there in varying degrees depending on their individual circumstances. Therefore, there are many new opportunities becoming available that can provide very different futures for today’s youth that were not available to previous generations. This essay will consider the role of youth in a changing Indian society. The Role of Youth In order to consider the role of youths in India it is helpful to first consider the overall situation in India as this provides the context in which young people are growing up. There are two areas in particular to consider: the transition towards being a developed country and the changes in population. India has made great strides in technology and other areas, including the space programme. However, much of the country remains unaffected by such developments and there is still much to be done to create an inclusive society where the living conditions for the whole population are brought up to an acceptable level and absolute poverty is eradicated. The differences between castes and religions also still remain a factor in the cohesiveness of the population as a whole. The population of India is also still increasing substantially and is expected to exceed that of China by the middle of this century. The population in 2012 was estimated to be 1.22 billion. In line with world trends life expectancy has also increased in India from 62.3 years for males and 63.9 years for females in 2001-2005 to 67.3 years and 69.6 years respectively in 2011-2015. Birth rates, however, have fallen slightly from crude figures of 22 per 1000 population to 21 per 1000 population between 2011 and 2012 (The World Bank, 2014). However, given the size of the population this still represents a large number of births. One health issue that is also particularly important is HIV/AIDS as there are estimated to be 2.4 million people in India living with the condition (MedIndia, 2014). These are some of the key elements that affect India at present and which overarch the role of young people in society. Young people in India today The youth of India make up approximately a quarter of the population and thus represent a substantial sector of society (Adlakha, 2014). The environment in which they are living is very different to that which was experienced by their parents. As a result many of the traditional values and cultural behaviours are being challenged by the influence of other cultures, particularly those in the West. Therefore, it can be seen that there are competing ways of life that exist which may be considered either a choice or a cause of confusion for young people. However, there are also good role models such as the first Indian-born woman to go into space, Kalpana Chawla, that show what can be achieved by Indian people male or female. Young people in India are considered to be vitally important as they will bring new ideas and developments to improve their country where older people are viewed as unable to be innovative or deal with new ideas. This perception differs from the views of young people and indeed the structure of society in general that exists in the West. Western perceptions do place young people in a strong position but, possibly due to a substantially longer life expectancy, there is a less dismissive view of older people, certainly in respect of those of working age. The roles of people in a other age ranges in addition to young people are considered to be valuable as each contribute differently to society as a whole. This does not extend in many cases to the elderly, however, but the longer life span in the West presents a different set of issues (Kruger Poster, 1990, p. 72). India is keen for their young people to become involved in civil society and develop political interest as this seen to be a vital part of the development of the country. In many ways there would appear to be a great deal of pressure being placed on the younger generation to move India into more developed and progressive country. The ability of the young people to fully participate in this way, however, is inhibited by two main factors. The first is the level of education, which also will be indicative of their wealth status, and the second is their caste and/or religious position. The better educated the young person is the more likely they are to participate more fully in civil society according to available research. Therefore, increasing the level of education across the country is important to develop the skills in the young people to enable to undertake the type of jobs that will help India develop. There is a substantial problem with illiteracy across the population, and even children attending school are leaving education still illiterate. This is particularly the case for the children from the poorest sectors of society. Unescos 11th Education For All (EFA) Global Monitoring Report suggests, amongst other factors, that at the present rate of progress the poorest women in India will not be universally literate until 2080 (UNESCO, 2013/14). Therefore, unless this is addressed the pressure on young people to improve India will not produce the required results as there will be insufficient desire and capability to make the improvements a reality. There may also need to be a change of thinking generally in society to develop a desire for education and a belief that education is important to improve the standards of living for everyone. For the poorest people earning a living may be more important than education and even young children are needed to contribute. Child labour is still a major issue in India and will impact on the children’s ability to ever improve their lives (US Department of Labour, 2013, p. np). There is legislation in place in the form of The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (Indian Child Line, nd), which, if observed and enforced, should prevent this. The caste system and/or religious beliefs also present barriers to a cohesive progress despite the changes made to eliminate these problems (Zezulka-Mailloux Gifford, 2003, p. 156). This is a complex system with many ramifications which will not be discussed at length here but which does have a substantial influence on how people live in India. The way that different groups within the population view each other can be divisive, with even those people considered to have more secular views not wishing to eat with others from a different group, in some cases not even wanting to speak with them, or other similar types of segregation. This creates an atmosphere in which some people are more likely to be able to progress whilst others will be open to oppression. Thus the overall situation has many factors working at the same time, some which are conducive to progress and others that are barriers. The specific ways in which India is planning progress into the future are contained within the India 2020 Report which considers the vision for the future of India, the opportunities and the challenges in respect of human development, infrastructure, energy and many other areas (Kalam Rajan, 2002). The Report indicates that the changes already taking place in the country are bringing about shifts in many areas such as in the population with lower birth rates and anticipated increased life expectancy. The effect of these changes is likely to be felt in different ways depending upon how affluent the person is. For poorer people their situation is still very difficult and much more will need to change to enable and empower this group of people to improve their lives. The India 2020 Report also identified Nodal Points for Indian prosperity. In order for these Points to be effective the population will need to know what is required and pull together to achieve these goals. Within this plan there is clear evidence of the reliance that is being placed on young people to carry out these plans and be the key changing force in the country. However, whilst acknowledging the levels of poverty and all the other barriers that currently exist to gaining good levels of education and an improved standard of living across the country, the impact of poverty does not always seem to be seen as a major factor in the ability of the young people to fill this role. India 2020 proposes a range of factors that will improve the country for the whole population. This includes aiming for full employment, improvements to the judicial system and legislature to create systems that are seen to be operating with integrity, fairness and transparency, cleaning the environment, achieving literacy and numeracy for all and making India a major nation in the world. This must, however, be achieved by creating a fair society for every part of the population. One element that is of concern is the ‘brain drain’ of skilled people leaving the country. India needs to finds ways of retaining well trained young people to carry out the vision for the future. At present many young people perceive that there are more opportunities for them elsewhere rather than wanting to stay in their home country and improve conditions there (Glennie Chappell, 2010). If the country wishes young people to take a major leading role in progress it will be necessary to provide the appropriate motivation for them to want to do this. Furthermore, in order to improve the conditions in the country as a whole more trained people are needed to create and fill the jobs that will increase prosperity. There must, of course, then be relevant jobs for the young people to take. Creating an environment that places value on education, work, and creating a good work ethic is very important to making effective progress towards a more economically successful country. This process will also begin to reduce the disparity between the rich and poor, with the ultimate goal of absolute poverty being eradicated (although eradicating relative poverty may prove more difficult) and improving the lives of the poorest in society. The spiritual aspect of life is important in India and many people are guided in their lives by their beliefs. There are even newer beliefs such as Bahà ¡Ãƒ ­, which places emphasis on a number of areas that are important in the changes indicated by India 2020. Bahà ¡Ãƒ ­ places importance on training for a trade or profession, and particularly on the often neglected area of education for women. In addition there is also a focus on ensuring young people have every opportunity to enter work which is of service to others by virtue of one’s skills and abilities (Bahà ¡Ãƒ ­, 2014). This type of approach could be very helpful to young people to help to develop a good work ethic and the sense of community by helping others. It also emphasises the need for good moral and spiritual standards to support the young person’s working life. This is only one of the religions/beliefs in India, but it does indicate the way in which secular and religious aspects of life are more integrated than is common in western countries. The desire to adhere to religious beliefs can be both a positive and negative factor for young people depending on their particular religion and the way in which is directs them to behave as people. One area of concern in this respect currently is that of the recruitment of young people by terrorist organisations. This is clearly an issue from the point of view of the activities of such organisations, but it also takes valuable young people out of society. The International Year of Youth (first held in 1985),was supported by Bahà ¡Ãƒ ­, who continue to support the ongoing activities of that organisation (United Nations, 2014). This has widened in scope in the form of The World Programme for Action of Youth (United Nations, 2014). In order to promote youth involvement it is recommended by Bahà ¡Ãƒ ­ that young men and women should be encouraged to take part in projects that aim to improve living conditions, increase the quality of human life, and develop the self-reliance of their communities. Projects that are improving the situation for rural communities are particularly highlighted as ones which are important for young people to engage with. Young people can also play an important role in the quest for world peace. Young people have been a main focus for some time in India, and specific initiatives have been sought to involve young people in a range of topics. The Youth Day 2008 focussed on Youth and Climate change: Time for action. During this event Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, addressed the meeting (Pandve, et al., 2009, p. 105). In this address he indicated that young people are adaptable and can easily incorporate carbon saving methods into their everyday life. Therefore, it was important that young people were actively included in local, national and global level decisions on climate. In this way they will improve the world for their own futures and that of their children. Involving young people in making changes to their everyday life is one main aspect of the role they are required to play in society. Further initiatives will be needed to address many of the difficulties to support young people. Looking at those offered in other countries could provide useful information, such that of â€Å"The Promoting Tolerance and Dialogue through Interactive Theater† in Eastern Indonesia. This is a one-year program funded by Great Britains Strategic Program Fund and implemented by IREX Europe, IREX and the Center for Civic Education Indonesia (CCEI). This is a programme that uses theatre to provide the dialogue to work on prevention of conflict, extremism and intolerance (IREX, nd). This particular programme has now ended but could be used as a model for future activities. With the difficulties that are currently being seen as a result of terrorism this is an area of extreme importance and different methods of approaching the topic can be used to spread the message to young people. The call for young people to be involved in India politics began with Gandhi, who asked the youth of the day to come forward to become actively involved in the freedom movemen (Atkin, 2012, p. np). However, there are still few young people involved in the political arena. Most elected politicians are aged 50 or over whilst most of the voting public are under 40 (Ruland, et al., 2005, p. 181). This suggests either that younger people are happy with this situation or perhaps that they have little interest or enthusiasm for politics. There can be confusion here when there is a suggestion that the older leaders should make way for ‘youth’, because in this context the word ‘youth’ is used just to mean people younger than others, i.e. perhaps people in their 30s or 40s rather than very young people with no experience. This is something that is discussed widely in the media (Jain, 2009). This use of ‘youth’ to mean different age groups, between 15 and 40 plus, can present a confusing message to readers. Poverty reduction is a major issue in India and there has been work across the world that suggests that involving young people in creating change to reduce poverty, and other important such issues, is vital and more effective than allowing them to simply be the target for development. This may be promoted from within India or it may be helpful for outside agencies already working in this area with young people to help set up relevant initiatives (The National Council of Swedish Youth Organisations, 2009, p. 8). It is interesting to consider the more popular representations of the role that young people should play in society. There is a marked view that older people should step down in preference to younger people because only younger people have the ability to create change. The knowledge and experience of older people is acknowledged but it can frequently be seen that there is pressure for them to take a ‘back seat’, and only advise and guide, but not to actively participate (Kumar, 1998, p. 234). There does not as yet appear to be any research to demonstrate how this will affect society and the way that younger people feature, particularly in political and other such positions. However, it does appear to reduce the respect and reverence in which older people have customarily been held, which could be seen to be more in line with a more western approach where youth culture has become prominent. Conclusion India is a vast country with an enormous population that is increasing quite rapidly. There is a definite move towards becoming a developed country but there are still many problems to be solved. Comparing the situation in India with western countries presents challenges, as the cultural and social situation is very different and there are very different belief structures. One key factor is that young people are considered to be almost the ‘saving grace’ for the country. Great reliance is placed on young people becoming educated and increasing the status and economic profitability of the country. This is set, however, against poverty and poor educational offerings and achievement for large sections of the population. Providing more equal opportunities for men and women and eradicating child labour are two areas that will take great effort to resolve given and enormous number of people involved. There have been great improvements in areas such as IT and space development which has meant that some sectors of the youth have been able to move into those areas. However, in order to make the progress that is sought for India to become a developed country, young people need to be motivated in directions that will achieve that goal. There is a substantial concern regarding young people being drawn into terrorism, and major changes in law and order remain to be achieved. So it can be seen that there is much to be done and directives in place to work towards those aims. However, this does appear to place a great deal of responsibility and reliance on younger people to make this happen. Bibliography Adlakha, A., 2014. Population Trends :India. [Online] Available at: https://www.census.gov/population/international/files/ib-9701.pdf [Accessed 24 October 2014]. Atkin, C., 2012. Education and Minorities. London: A C Black.Chapter 9 Available at http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BsO_xqyNNfwCprintsec=frontcoversource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0#v=onepageqf=false [Accessed 24 October 2014] Bahà ¡Ãƒ ­, 2014. The Bahà ¡Ãƒ ­ Faith. [Online] Available at: http://www.bahai.org/ [Accessed 23 October 2014]. Glennie, A. Chappell, L., 2010. Show Me the Money (and Opportunity): Why Skilled People Leave Home — and Why They Sometimes Return. [Online] Available at: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/show-me-money-and-opportunity-why-skilled-people-leave-home-%E2%80%94-and-why-they-sometimes-return [Accessed 23 October 2014]. Indian Child Line, nd. CHILD Protection Child Rights. [Online] Available at: http://www.childlineindia.org.in/child-labour-prohibition-and-regulation-act-1986.htm[Accessed 23 October 2014]. IREX, nd. Promoting Tolerance and Dialogue through Interactive Theater in Eastern Indonesia. [Online] Available at: http://www.irex.org/project/promoting-tolerance-and-dialogue-through-interactive-theater-eastern-indonesia [Accessed 23 October 2014]. Jain, R., 2009. Role of Youth In Indian Politics. [Online] Available at: http://theviewspaper.net/role-of-youth-in-indian-politics/ [Accessed 23 October 2014]. Kalam, A. A. Rajan, Y., 2002. India 2020 A Vision for the New Millenium, New Delhi: Penguin. Available at http://acemlibrary.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/india2020.pdf [Accessed 24 October 2014] Kruger, A. Poster, C., 1990. Community Education and the Western World. London: Routledge.p.72 Kumar, C. S., 1998. The Scheduled Castes in India. New Delhi: p.234 MedIndia, 2014. AIDS HIV Positive Cases in India 2009 2012. [Online] Available at: http://www.medindia.net/health_statistics/general/aidsindia.asp [Accessed 24 October 2014]. Pandve, H. T., Deshmukh, P. R., Pandve, R. T. Patil, N. R., 2009. Role of youth in combating climate change. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 13(2), p. 105. Ruland, J., Jurgenmeyer, C., Nelson, M. Ziegenhain, 2005. Parliaments and Political Change in Asia. Pasir Panjang: Institute of Southeastern Asian Studies. Available at http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cPuOBcME6osCpg=PA181dq=most+politicians+in+india+are+over+60+years+oldhl=ensa=Xei=cY1JVJS_L8PH7AaDkIGoCAved=0CDYQ6wEwAA#v=onepageq=most%20politicians%20in%20india%20are%20over%2060%20years%20oldf=false [Accessed 24 October 2014] The National Council of Swedish Youth Organisations, 2009. The Role of Young People in Poverty reduction, Stockholm: The National Council of Swedish Youth Organisations. The World Bank, 2014. Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people). [Online] Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN [Accessed 24 October 2014]. UNESCO, 2013/14. Teaching and Learning Quality for all, UNESCO. United Nations, 2014. The International Year of Youth. [Online] Available at: http://www.unric.org/en/component/content/article/2-articles/26530international-year-of-youth [Accessed 23 October 2014]. United Nations, 2014. The World Programme of Action for Youth. [Online] Available at: http://www.un.org/events/youth98/backinfo/ywpa2000.htm [Accessed 23 October 2014]. US Department of Labour, 2013. India 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, Available athttp://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/india.htm [Accessed 23 October 2014] Zezulka-Mailloux, G. E. M. Gifford, J., 2003. Culture + the State: Alternative Interventions. Edmonton: CRC. Available at http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=B064aJShLDgCpg=PT156dq=the+caste+system+in+india+todayhl=ensa=Xei=5-9IVPTFAeep7Aahx4C4DQved=0CFcQ6AEwCA#v=onepageq=the%20caste%20system%20in%20india%20todayf=false [Accessed 24 October 2014]

Network Administration Essay -- Computer Science

Network Administration I have worked as a computer network administrator for over 5 years. I have worked mostly with networks in a mixed Microsoft Windows NT and Novell Netware environment. I am a Novell Certified Novell Engineer (CNE) and I am a certified Novell GroupWise Administrator. I have taken classes in configuration of Cisco routers. In this essay, I will discuss the definition of a network administrator, the tasks and responsibilities of a network administrator and share a day in the life of a network administrator. For documentation on my credentials, I am including my certification certificates. What is a Network Administrator? A network administrator is one who maintains and troubleshoots your computer systems. Depending on the size of your organization and the complexity of your technology, a network administrator's job can range from ten hours per week to full time. There are some obvious network administration tasks, such as installing or upgrading system software and managing user accounts and disks space, so you probably have some idea of what an administrator does. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) is a consortium of telecommunications companies worldwide who have, among other things, defined a series of recommendations that describe how a telecommunications management network (TMN) should be operated. The ITU members have adopted a model of management functions that I think is of interest to us because it provides a framework that we can use to understand the role of the network administrator. This function model is often referred to as the FCAPS model after the initials of each of the major functions it describes. TMN function Naive description Fault Management: Fixing what is broken. Configuration Management: Controlling the operational parameters of something so it works the way you want. Accounting Management: Knowing who is using how much of what, and maybe billing them for it. Performance Management: Making sure it all works acceptably quickly. Security Management: Controlling who can do what. The idea is that just about any network management task can be said to belong to one of those management functions. For example, plugging a patch-lead back in after it has fallen out is fault management, introducing a firewall onto your network is a security management t... ...workstation can be put back in service elsewhere, the administrator would possibly format the drives (effectively erasing all the previous data) and reassign the workstation in a position that is less demanding than the previous one. I have found that installation of new workstations not only makes the end user more productive, but generally the task of administering the workstation is easier because of the improvement in technology i.e. newer operating system. Some administrators have found it useful to sue a procedure called "ghosting" to speed up the process of setting up multiple new workstations. When this process, a workstation is configured with general setting sufficient for most users. Special software is used to "copy" an image of that configuration. When a new workstation or workstations is needed to be configured the imaged is then copied to the hard drive. For this procedure to work, the workstation must have the same or very similar hardware as the original workstation the image was copies from. Otherwise there will be multiple errors and the administrator will spend time more correcting errors than he/she would have doing the configuration manually.

Exploring Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Essay -- Medicine

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading public health concerns today. The Center for Disease and Control (2010) reported that 1.7 million individuals sustain TBI each year). Moreover, TBI accounts to a third (30.5%) of all injury related deaths in the United States. Those who are most likely to sustain TBI are children (0-4 years), older adolescents (15-19 years) and older adults (65+ years) (CDC, 2010). This analysis will examine the prevalence, diagnosis, treatments, and prognosis of traumatic brain injuries in children. Brain injuries can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe categories. The most commonly used assessment for classifying TBI severity is by using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). This scale assesses individual’s level of consciousness based on verbal, motor, and eye responses to stimuli. Researchers Kung et al (2010) analyzed the components of Glasgow coma scale (GCS) from 27,625 TBI cases in Taiwan. The correlation between the survival rate and certain eye (E), motor (M) and verbal (V) score combinations for GCS (scores of 6, 11, 12, ) were found to be statistically significant. The findings indicate that the three fundamental elements comprising the Glasgow coma scale (E, M, & V) separately and in some combinations are predictive of the survival of TBI patients. The researchers assert that this observation is clinically useful when a complete GCS score cannot be obtained when evaluating TBI patients. Confirmative neuroimaging scans plays a pivotal role in TBI diagnosis, prognosis, and deciding what treatments to give. CT is the preferred method of assessment on admission to determine structural damage and to detect (developing) intracranial hematomas (Maas, Stocchetti, Bullock, 2008). .. ..., Injury, Volume 42, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 940-944, ISSN 0020-1383, 10.1016/j.injury.2010.09.019. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020138310006741) Tawfeeq, Mohammed M Halawani, Khulood Al-Faridi, Wa’el AAL-Shaya, Wa’el S Taha, Traumatic brain injury: neuroprotective anaesthetic techniques, an update, Injury, Volume 40, Supplement 4, November 2009, Pages S75-S81, ISSN 0020-1383, 10.1016/j.injury.2009.10.040. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020138309005609) Yeates, Armstrong, Janusz, Taylor, Wade, Stancin, Drotar, Long-Term Attention Problems in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Volume 44, Issue 6, June 2005, Pages 574-584, ISSN 0890-8567, 10.1097/01.chi.0000159947.50523.64. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856709616336)

Becoming a Medical Billing Specialist Essay

Becoming a Medical Billing Specialist Keisha Marselis SLS 1105-65 Strategies for Success March 20, 2010 Becoming a Medical Billing Specialist I love working with people and on computers. So I looked for a career where I can do both. Deciding to become a Medical Billing Specialist was the perfect choice for me. When I first entered into the medical field, I became a CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant). I love doing my job because I was able to help others in need. As time passed I knew I wanted to do more but I just didn’t know what that was. Then one day I went to the doctor’s office with a patient for a routine checkup and I started talking to one of the medical assistants. She asked me if I liked my job. I told her that I love what I did but I wanted something more. I also mentioned that I had went to school for basic computer training before I went to school for CNA. Then she said that I should think about going to school for Medical Billing and Coding. When I started looking into the field, I was astonished. I would be able to do the two things I love, working with people and on computers. I discover that a person interested in medical billing and coding should have excellent knowledge of the field, is willing to help those in need and have flexibility to obtain additional training for job advancement. â€Å"Medical coding is a key step in the medical billing process. Every time a patient receives professional health care in a physician’s office, hospital outpatient facility or ambulatory surgical center(ASC), the provider must code and create a claim to be paid, whether by a commercial payer, the patient or CMS(The Centers for Medicare & Medicare Services)† (American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC), 2010). A medical coder’s main job is to look over patient’s records and other information to code and classify a patient’s diagnosis or procedure. Then they must assign and input the correct diagnostic code to establish the amount of money a provider receives from the insurer. Coders are also responsible for making sure codes meet all federal, legal and insurance regulations. Jeffress (2003-2010) specifies that â€Å"the healthcare industry depends on skilled medical billing and coding specialists to accurately record and register patient information, verify their insurance policies, and keep track of patient accounts†. When a patient comes in to the doctor’s office, you are the first and last person they come in contact with. So it is important that you get all of the patient’s information to properly start off their file. You also have to make sure the patient has their proper health insurance and understand what their responsibilities are for co-payment, if needed. They would have to fill out different documentation about them and their family medical history. It is also important to help them understand how to fill out these forms so that everything can be properly documented in their file. When the patient sees the doctor, he/she will have a somewhat understanding of why the patient is visiting. While the patient is seeing a doctor, the doctor may tell them a few things that they might not understand. So the patient might come and ask you questions pertaining to what the doctor just told them. By being trained in the field you learn about medical terminology. This is when you breakdown what was told to them. You would be able to explain to them the medical diagnosis or procedure the doctor has told them about. Help them understand what the doctor wants them to do.

Packaging for Saffola Rice

Contents * Introduction and Background * Research Objectives * Variables * Type of Study * Sampling * Hypotheses * Research Design * Assumptions * Delimitations Background Packaging is a very important marketing strategy to glamorize your product in order to attract the consumer’s attention. Sometimes packaging is so important that it cost more than the product itself in order to lure the consumers to buy it. Most consumers judge a product by its packaging before buying. So it is logical to say attractive packaging is crucial in order to get the first time buyers to buy your products. There are many elements involved in the success of a product and packaging is one of the key drivers of purchase. This report is to understand the role of packaging in the success of the product, it is important to know the key elements in packaging which are working or not working for the consumer. The various forms of packaging types that are available to us are Tetra pack, Plastic bags, Tins , Paper bags, Plastic bottles, Tubes, Soft pouches, Nozzle bottles, Gunny bags, Paper boxes. In the case of Rice purchase it is observed that packaging is seen important however not critical. Most consumers were buying branded rice in 20 kg jute bags and were driven more by price vs. packaging. ) Research Objectives To evaluate the new packaging for Saffola rice. Basic studies have reflected on the need for a new packaging. Once the packaging is confirmed at the outset, it is imperative to notify the credibility the packaging lends to the rice inside and to understand the drivers of these impr essions. Also it gives an opportunity to capture cues for improvement. Variables Dependent :Purchase Preference, * Independent : Overall packaging * Intervening: Introduction of a new packaging concept by competitor, change in requirement/ need. * Control : Income group, Gender, Occupation Type of Study * Process – Exploratory * Type of data – Qualitative * Content – Empirical * Period – One time study * Setting – Field Sample The Sample should be people who have bought a product or who are thinking of buying a product. They should be buyers and not specifiers. They may be multiple purchasers. During the course of our research when the probable sample was listed there was a temptation to say – â€Å"yes, all of these† but considering that the greater the scope of the project the more it will cost and the longer it will take we decided to stick to a sample size of 50. Our Target profile a. Females -SEC A, B b. Must be a primary cook in the house i. Must cook at least one meal on weekdays and weekends c. Decision maker in purchase of household items d. Regular buyers, decision makers and consumers of rice. The segmentation was based on Working Women and Housewives who were aged between 24 to 45 years.

Personal Development Paper Essay

I have a lot of scope for improvement. I have a lot of potential both professionally and in the personal space – I need to tap it. My asthetic sense, candor and imagination help me stand out in a crowd and I need to fine tune these skills. Given my high sensitivity to stress, I tend to get very irritable and frustrated during high pressure scenarios. I am exteremly disorganized and this has really harmed me all my life. I really need to work on my organization skills.Goals To be more organized, and disciplined. I need to have a stronger work eithc, and develop strong analytical and quant skills. I would also like to invest alot of time in reading, and wasting less time doing meaningless stuff. Reading and getting exposed to the opportunities everywhere gets me excited, and once I am excited – I am driven.Perception of others In all honesty, others view me as exteremly modest but that is because I am good at hiding my weaknesses. They respect my candor and people skills, and appreciate my input once in a while.Standards organization expects you to meet Disciplined, focused, very strong finance background, strong work ethic, working in high pressure scenarios, and having a strong sense of responsibility. DEVELOPMENTAL PLANNING WORKSHEET Professor Randall S. Peterson DEVELOPMENT ISSUE (from GAPS analysis): The issue is that I am easily intimidated, and not focused. I tend to get distracted with my surroundings and tend to loose interest in my own ambition and agenda. I tend to get bored easily, and leave things in the middle – very impatient.EXPECTED OUTCOMES: What will be different? What could someone else observe that will change? For starters I will be more diligent, focused and orderly. This can be seen through my group participation, my in class assignments, my club involvement and my career hunt activities. Juggling so many aspects at once will require all of the above. My quant and financial skills can really develop if I invest time, and effort in reading and understanding the material. This can also be a visible change.What will I gain by achieving the goal? What is in it for you? Happiness. Job. Personal satisfaction. Personal growth and development.WHO ELSE NEEDS TO BE COMMITED TO THIS: What will you need to do as soon as you get back to the office to get started? Who do I need to get committed to helping me? And what is in it for them? Me, myself and I.LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT (use at least three of the six to make your development goal SMART) 1) Seek New Challenges/Projects Challenge PE CASE CHALLANGE Specific Action/Time/Deadline working with people in a field I have very little experience in. Taken a challenge. Have to work hard. This will improve my quant and tech skills.2) Take Courses and Workshops Course/Workshop Specific Action/Time/Deadline 3) Develop Ongoing Feedback Name(s)/Strategy for Identifying People Study Group Specific Action/Time/Deadline Montly feedback on progress – personally and professionally. Team contract also helps keep us in check. 4) Identify Role Models and Coaches Name(s)/Strategy for Identifying People Raluca – Class mate Specific Action/Time/Deadline She helps me stay focused and organized everyday. We plan the everyday in advance, and luckily always manage to achieve the target.5) Development Reading Books/Papers Specific Action/Time/Deadline 6) Other Learning Tactics Strategy Specific Action/Time/Deadline OBSTACLES What will I give up? I will give up making excuses. I will talk less listen more. I will give up wasting time, and reading more. I will give up being disorganized. What are the major obstacles and how will I manage them? Obstacle is just me and my mind – I need to be focused, and do proper time management. Not get distracted with the noise around me. Work at my pace, and be patient.How to work with me I am pretty flexible, and easy going. Only thing is I lack commitment, and have poor work ethics. I tend to get distracted easily and hence get frustrated when the pressure builds up. Please be a little strcit with me when it comes to academics. I need to get more responsibility so I am actually forced to put in effort, instead of depending on others. This will help me build my quant and analytical skills, and that will increase my confidence 10 folds. Since I tend to get distracted easliy, please always bring me back on track. I am very dependable, approachable, and I love interacting with people and learning through people. Hence, if I don’t understand something, and if someone explains it to me politely I will always listen. I tend to disagree alot, and sometimes unnecessairly. I am also very open to people criticizing me. I love negative feedback so I have room to develop. Please motivate me, and cultivate in me discipline.

Causes of the Revolutionary War Essays

Causes of the Revolutionary War Essays Causes of the Revolutionary War Essay Causes of the Revolutionary War Essay In 1763, the French and Indian War ended by the final defeat of the French and their Native American allies in America. When the Americans thought the British were leaving, they did the exact opposite. The British brought in more soldiers and these same American colonists found themselves locked with the British more violent than ever. Britain sent more troops to receive money for their war depts. This was shocking news for the America’s English colonists because there was still the policy of salutary neglect existing. Due to this violent control, Americans felt unfair and as if they had no choice to follow what the British say. To stand up as one voice towards Britain, the American colonists justified in waging war and breaking away from Britain. Therefore, the American colonists were reasonable in doing this. When the British put new taxes on stamps and pamphlets, they viewed it as a way of American colonists contributing to war depts. and in return for all they did for them in the French and Indian War. According to Document 1, Thomas Whately, an advisor to the British Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Grenville, believed that the Americans should contribute to the government in preserving and maintaining all the advantages they’ve received. They thought the colonists should be willing to pay higher taxes without a doubt but in the eyes of the American colonists, the new taxes that the British created were viewed to be for the purpose of increasing the revenue. In Document 2 Dickinson writes, â€Å"Never did the British Parliament, [until the passage of the Stamp Act] think of imposing duties in America for the purpose of raising a revenue. † In addition, the fact that Britain didn’t even bother to ask about their opinions before putting these new taxes, made the colonists feel as if they were threatened with no rights. This is when the American colonists decide to justify in waging war and break away from Britain. As time went on, colonists became more upset and violent. One of the reasons why colonists became more violent was because many colonies were persuaded â€Å"that the government is going to make absolute slaves of them. †(Document 4) One tragic event that occurred due to the colonists becoming violent was the Boston Massacre. â€Å"A crowd of Boston boys and men surrounded a number of British soldiers and began taunting and cursing them while pelting them with snowballs. †(Document 3) This led the frightened soldiers to fire their guns into the crowd as self-defense. In the end several people were dead and many more wounded. The Boston Massacre caused many more colonists’ anti-British feelings to arouse. According to these documents, we can see that the American colonists were justified in waging war and breaking away from Britain. This was to prove their point and more importantly, to stand up as one voice. They believed that the British were putting taxes just to increase revenue and believed that they had the single purpose of collecting money. This is a reasonable belief because there was no explanation given to them and they had no say in the matter whatsoever. This is why the colonists acted the way they did.

The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke The Regents of the University of California v. Allan Bakke (1978), was a landmark case decided by the United States Supreme Court. The decision had historical and legal significance because it upheld affirmative action, declaring that race could be one of several determining factors in college admission policies, but rejected the use of racial quotas. Fast Facts: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke Case Argued: Oct. 12, 1977Decision Issued: June 26, 1978Petitioner: Regents of the University of CaliforniaRespondent: Allan Bakke, a 35-year-old white man who had applied twice for admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis and was rejected both timesKey Question: Did the University of California violate the 14th Amendments Equal Protection Clause, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, by practicing an affirmative action policy that resulted in the repeated rejection of Bakkes application for admission to its medical school?Majority Decision: Justices Burger, Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, Blackman, Powell, Rehnquist, StevensDissenting: Justice WhiteRuling: The Supreme Court upheld affirmative action, ruling that race could be one of several determining factors in college admission policies, but it rejected the use of racial quotas as unconstitutional. Case History In the early 1970s, many colleges and universities across America were in the beginning stages of making major changes to their admissions programs in an effort to diversify the student body by increasing the number of minority students on campus. This effort was particularly challenging due to the 1970s massive increase of students applying to medical and law schools. It increased the competition and negatively impacted the efforts to create campus environments that promoted equality and diversity. Admission policies that relied predominantly on candidates grades and test scores was an unrealistic approach for the schools that wanted to increase the minority population on campus.   Dual Admission Programs In 1970, the University of California Davis School of Medicine (UCD) was receiving 3,700 applicants for a mere 100 openings. At the same time, UCD administrators were committed to working with an affirmative action plan often referred to as a quota or set-aside program. It was set up with two admissions programs in order to increase the number of disadvantaged students admitted to the school.  There was the regular admissions program and the special admissions program.Each year 16 out of 100 places were reserved for disadvantaged students and minorities including (as stated by the university), blacks, Chicanos, Asians, and American Indians. Regular Admissions Program Candidates who quailed for the regular admissions program had to have an undergraduate grade point average (GPA) above 2.5. Some of the qualifying candidates were then interviewed. Those who passed were given a score based on their performance on the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT), science grades, extracurricular activities, recommendations, awards and other criteria that made up their benchmark scores. An admissions committee would then make a decision on which candidates would be accepted into the school. Special Admissions Program Candidates accepted into the special admissions programs were minorities or those who were economically or educationally disadvantaged. The special admissions candidates did not have to have a grade point average above 2.5 and they did not compete with the benchmark scores of the regular admission applicants.   From the time that the dual admissions program was implemented the 16 reserved spots were filled by minorities, despite the fact that many white applicants applied for the special disadvantaged program. Allan Bakke In 1972, Allan Bakke was a 32-year-old white male working as an engineer at NASA, when he decided to pursue his interest in medicine. Ten years earlier, Bakke had graduated from the University of Minnesota with a degree in mechanical engineering and a grade-point average of 3.51 out of 4.0 and was asked to join the national mechanical engineering honor society. He then joined the U.S. Marine Corps for four years which included a seven-month combat tour of duty in Vietnam. In 1967, he became a captain and was given an honorable discharge. After leaving the Marines he went to work for National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) as a research engineer.   Bakke continued going to school and in June 1970, he earned his masters degree in mechanical engineering, but despite this, his interest in medicine continued to grow. He was missing some of chemistry and biology courses required for admission into medical school so he attended night classes at San Jose State University and Stanford University. He completed all the prerequisites and had an overall GPA of 3.46. During this time he worked part-time as a volunteer in the emergency room at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California. He scored an overall 72 on the MCAT, which was three points higher than the average applicant to UCD and 39 points higher than the average special program applicant. In 1972, Bakke applied to UCD. His biggest concern was being rejected due to his age. He had surveyed 11 medical schools; all who said that he was over their their age limit. Age discrimination was not an issue in the 1970s. In March he was invited to interview with Dr. Theodore West who described Bakke as a very desirable applicant who he recommended.  Two months later, Bakke received his rejection letter. Angered by how the special admissions program was being managed, Bakke contacted his lawyer, Reynold H. Colvin, who prepared a letter for Bakke to give to the medical schools chairman of the admissions committee, Dr. George Lowrey. The letter, which was sent in late May, included a request that Bakke was placed on the wait-list and that he could register during the fall of 1973 and take courses until an opening became available. When Lowrey failed to reply, Covin prepared a second letter in which he asked the chairman if the special admissions program was an illegal racial quota. Bakke was then invited to meet with Lowreys assistant, 34-year-old Peter Storandt so that the two could discuss why he was rejected from the program and to advise him to apply again. He suggested that if he was rejected again he may want to take UCD to court; Storandt had a few names of lawyers that could possibly help him if he decided to go in that direction. Storandt was later disciplined and demoted for displaying unprofessional behavior when meeting with Bakke. In August 1973, Bakke applied for early admission into UCD. During the interview process, Lowery was the second interviewer. He gave Bakke an 86 which was the lowest score Lowery had given out that year. Bakke received his second rejection letter from UCD at the end of September 1973. The following month, Colvin filed a complaint on Bakkes behalf with HEWs Office of Civil Rights, but when HEW failed to send a timely response, Bakke decided to move forward. On June 20, 1974, Colvin brought suit on behalf of Bakke in Yolo County Superior Court. The complaint included a request that UCD admit Bakke into its program because the special admissions program rejected him because of his race. Bakke alleged that the special admissions process violated the U.S. Constitutions Fourteenth Amendment, the California Constitutions article I, section 21, and Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.   UCDs counsel filed a cross-declaration and asked the judge to find that the special program was constitutional and legal. They argued that Bakke would not have been admitted even if there had been no seats set aside for minorities.   On November 20, 1974, Judge Manker found the program unconstitutional and in violation of Title VI, no race or ethnic group should ever be granted privileges or immunities not given to every other race. Manker did not order to admit Bakke to UCD, but rather that the school reconsiders his application under a system that did not make determinations based on race. Both Bakke and the university appealed the judges ruling. Bakke because it was not ordered that he be admitted to UCD and the university because the special admissions program was ruled unconstitutional.   Supreme Court of California Due to the seriousness of the case, the Supreme Court of California ordered that the appeals be transferred to it. Having gained a reputation as being one of the most liberal appellate courts, it was assumed by many that it would rule on the side of the university. Surprisingly, the court upheld the lower-court ruling in a six to one vote. Justice Stanley Mosk wrote, No applicant may be rejected because of his race, in favor of another who is less qualified, as measured by standards applied without regard to race.   The lone dissenter, Justice Matthew O. Tobriner wrote, It is anomalous that the Fourteenth Amendment that served as the basis for the requirement that elementary and secondary schools be compelled to integrate should now be turned around to forbid graduate schools from voluntarily seeking that very objective. The court ruled that the university could no longer use race in the admissions process. It ordered that the university provide proof that Bakkes application would have been rejected under a program that was not based on race. When the university admitted that it would be unable to provide the proof, the ruling was amended to order Bakkes admission into the medical school.   That order, however, was stayed by U.S. Supreme Court in November 1976, pending the outcome of the petition for a writ of certiorari to be filed by the Regents of the University of California to the U.S. Supreme Court. The university filed a petition for writ of certiorari the following month.

Stress & Technology essays

Stress & Technology essays Technology and Stress in the Workplace Western movies have always portrayed cowboys with guns on their hips. Whoever draws the fastest, got to live longer than their opponents. Twenty- first century technology has replaced the guns with cell phones, blackberries, laptop computers, palm-pilots and other electronic gadgets. Memos that used to be type-written then mailed, progressed to being faxed when fax machines were invented. Electronic mail replaced the type-written variety and made communication globally instantaneous. Internet technologies and e-mail demand that employees respond immediately to requests for information. Executives nowadays are expected to be reached at anytime, anywhere, enabling them to have access to many sources of information as they become available. Incoming trays in offices were slowly replaced by e-mail inboxes. James Sewell in his article Handling the Stress of the Electronic World, wrote that the number of e-mail messages sent from businesses in North America has risen from 40 bill ion in 1995 to an estimated 1.4 trillion in 2001 (2003, para. 2). These improvements in technology have direct effects on stress in the workplace. They can relieve or cause stress, depending on the perception of the sender or the receiver. Speck defines stress as reaction to pressure, which may be positive or negative (1993, para. 3). Increased communication through the rampant use of cell phones and electronic mail between co-workers can both be an advantage and a disadvantage. The ability to rely on and base business decisions on the most recent information is definitely an advantage. Just in time communication is key to the growth and success of the business. However, receiving the average of 30 e-mails a day can prove to be a great distraction. Many computers announce incoming mail with the ding of a bell, and users frequently stop what they are doi...

Definition and Examples of Initial Letters

Definition and Examples of Initial Letters Definition An initial is the first letter of each word in a proper name. Guidelines for using initials in reports, research papers, and bibliographies (or reference lists) vary according to the academic discipline and appropriate style manual.  See Examples and Observations below. Also see: AbbreviationAcronymBackronymInitialeseInitialismRAS Syndrome EtymologyFrom the Latin, standing at the beginning   Examples and Observations Different Views on Spaces and Periods With Initials- Most style manuals call for spacing between initials in a personal name: A. B. Cherry (not A.B. Cherry). There are no spaces, however, between personal initials that are not followed by periods (FDR, LBJ).(Amy Einsohn, The Copyeditors Handbook, University  of California Press, 2005)- Use periods and no space when an individual uses initials instead of a first name: H.L. Mencken.(The Associated Press Stylebook 2015. Basic Books, 2015)- Although full first names with middle initials (if any) are preferred in most copy, two or more initials may be used if that is the preference of the person mentioned: L.P. Arniotis, with a  thin space between initials.(Allan M. Siegal and William G. Connolly, The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage, 5th ed. Three Rivers Press, 2015) Initials in Bibliographies- The practice of using initials to represent given names has been more common in Europe than in America or Australia. Various celebra ted names are rarely given in any other form: C. P. E. Bach, T. S. Eliot, P. G. Wodehouse. In bibliographies and referencing systems (author-date-Vancouver), the use of initials is well established . . .. Both the Chicago Manual of Style (2003) and Copy-editing (1992) use stops after each initial, as well as space, as shown in the names above. But in common usage the space between initials is being whittled down (C.P.E. Bach, T.S. Eliot, P.G. Wodehouse) making the spacing  exactly like that used in initialisms. . . . The practice of using an initial as well as a given name, as in J. Arthur Rank, Dwight D. Eisenhower is more widespread in the US than in the UK.(Pam Peters, The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge University Press, 2004)- [In APA Style, arrange] entries [in a reference list] in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author followed by initials of the authors given name.(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. 2010)- [In a list of works cited in MLA Style] give the authors name as it appears on the title page. Never abbreviate a name given in full. If, for example, the title page lists the author as Carleton Brown, do not enter the name as Brown, C. But use initials if the title page does.(MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th ed. Modern Language Association of America, 2009) LWV and AARPTake the League of Women Voters. The group was founded in 1920 during a convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, held only six months before the 19th Amendment was ratified, giving women the right to vote. . . .[T]hose at the state level say that some League officers would like to follow the lead of the AARP, now more recognized for its initials than for the stodgier and sometimes misleading name, the American Association of Retired Persons. The AARP made the change partly because so many of its members, who are as young as 50, are still working. We are working hard to put out the logo, LWV, said Martha Kennedy, state membership chairwoman.(Kate Stone Lombardi, Traditional Womens Groups Are Neither, The New York Times, Dec. 7, 2003) ESPN and TNNIn 1985, the Entertainment and Sports Programming Network became just ESPN, with no reference to the original meaning. . . . TNN was once the Nashville Network, then became the National Network when it deep- sixed its hootenanny programming.(Seth Stevenson, Alphabet Soup: Now What Does KFC Stand for? Slate, May 3, 2004) The Lighter Side of Initials- Fulgencio Umberto. The initials for that are F.U. Pritchett, which is exactly what it feels like right now.(Ed ONeill as Jay Pritchett in Fulgencio. Modern Family, 2013)-  Howard Wolowitz: Check it out. I used the atomic force microscope in the materials science lab and wrote our initials in a heart one one-thousandth the size of a grain of sand.Leonard Hofstadter: Oh-ho. Thats cool.Howard Wolowitz: A micro-valentine for a microbiologist.Leonard Hofstadter: From her micro-husband.(Simon Helberg and Johnny Galecki, The Tangible Affection Proof. The Big Bang Theory, 2013)

What are the main determinants of bank failure Essay

What are the main determinants of bank failure - Essay Example new products and activities with little or no expertise or inadequate risk management controls Heavy reliance on brokered or agent transactions to fuel growth Growth can be monitored a number of ways, such as the Canary Benchmark Ratios designed to assist field managers. An example is the increase of a banks total loans and leases beyond a threshold percentage from the same quarter of the previous year. Another category of red flags is the Deterioration in the Economy, since bank performance and economic conditions in the markets are closely correlated. Some common economic indicators are bankruptcies and business failures, employment, consumer delinquency rates, existing home prices, gross domestic products, income, inflation rates, interest rates, the trade deficit, wages, and so on. A third category is Management Oversight Deficiencies, which generally include indicators of management irresponsiveness, inefficiency, and non-compliance with laws and internal standards. The fourth c ategory is Inappropriate Limits on OCC Access to Bank Staff and Documents, which comprise attempts of the bank to deny regulators the timely and complete access to information. The include refusal to provide information within a reasonable time period, use of agents such as bank counsel to pre-screen requests for bank documents, alternation of records prior to examiner review, and unexplained disappearance of key records, among others. The OCC also looks out for these other categories of red flags: Asset Quality Deterioration. Red flags include increasing levels of past due and nonperforming loans as percent of loans, increasing level of Other Real Estate Owned (OREO), and increasing levels of interest earned not collected (IENC) as a percent of loans, among others. Strained Liquidity. Some red flags are low levels of on-hand liquidity, declines in core deposit levels, significant increases